Situation of cleaner production application in the garment industry
In recent years, Vietnam's textile and garment industry has had a high growth rate, however, it has faced the environmental pollution. And weaving, dyeing and fabric processing are the most polluting stages in the textile and garment sector.
According to a survey of the Vietnam National Textile and Garment Group (Vinatex), about 50% of weaving and dyeing equipment has been used for more than 20 years. Compared to Thai and Chinese technology, Vietnamese technology has been backward for about 15-20 years. In Thailand, energy cost makes up for only 6-7% in the total cost of textile product, meanwhile, in Vietnam, it represents about 10-12%.
However, almost all textile enterprises in Vietnam have potential to reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy (petroleum, coal, electricity). Dyeing enterprises have potential to save about 0.2 - 0.5 kg of dyes, 100 - 200 kg of chemicals and addition agents, 50 - 100 m3 of water, 150 kg of oil and 50-150 KWh of electricity on average per ton of products, which depends on their technology and equipment.
Application of cleaner production will help textile and garment enterprises reduce energy consumption, waste and input cost and environmental treatment cost as well as improve the product quality and decrease the cost of products. However, cleaner production has not been implemented popularly in textile and garment enterprises. In addition to outdated technology and equipment, the main reason is that businesses have been not aware of benefits of cleaner production and have not had experts provide technical support on cleaner production implementation.
Wastewater treatment system of Chyang Sheng Vietnam Co., Ltd (in Thuan An commune, Binh Duong province)
Solutions to promotion of cleaner production in the textile and garment industry
According to Dr. Phung Thi Quynh Trang, Hanoi Industrial Textile Garment University, with a view to becoming a strong economic sector with a high and sustainable growth rate, the textile and garment industry should stimulate the implementation of cleaner production solutions such as further giving technical support to businesses through Industry Promotion Centers.
The State should adopt policies encouraging textile and garment enterprises to use clean production technologies and processes and step by step carry out environmental management solutions. Regarding private companies, joint ventures, or companies having 100% foreign capital, it is necessary to apply regulations on raw material consumption norms, control the import of equipment and ancillary materials, especially inert materials and dyes.
Besides, the textile and garment industry must develop an environmental impact assessment report in accordance with the textile and garment development strategy and environmental regulations, concentrate on thoroughly dealing with businesses causing serious environmental pollution, build textile and garment zones and clusters with concentrated wastewater treatment systems meeting environmental standards so as to relocate enterprises that are likely to cause pollution. At the same time, enterprises should be encouraged to apply environmental management standards in accordance with the ISO 14000, create a good working environment for employees in accordance with the SA 8000 standard.
In particular, the textile and garment industry needs to develop and implement a schedule on innovation of technology which are environmentally-friendly, improve capacity of conducting scientific and technological researches on the environment ... in order to meet environmental requirements and technical barriers for the international economic integration. In addition, when Vietnam joins the TPP, textile and garment enterprises must pay attention to not only social responsibility but also environmental standards as well including green production standards, wastewater treatment standard, by-product recycling solutions,...In addition, it is necessary to encourage textile and garment enterprises to create a good working environment for employees.
By Office of Cleaner Production and Sustainable Production and Consumption
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